Urolithiasis in Small Ruminants: Surgical and Dietary Management

David C. Van Metre, DVM, DACVIM
Colorado State University

Introduction
Urinary calculi, or uroliths, are concretions of solid mineral and organic compounds that cause disease through direct trauma to the urinary tract and obstruction of urinary outflow.  The urethral process is the most common site of obstruction in sheep and goats; in those whose urethral process has been amputated, the distal aspect of the sigmoid flexure is the usual site for blockage1.  In camelids, uroliths tend to become lodged at or distal to the distal aspect of the sigmoid flexure.  Multiple calculi are usually present in the urinary tract of affected small ruminants1.

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